Free Arab Culture Essays and Papers Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2701 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Uncategorized Essay Type Research paper Tags: Marriage Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Arab societies are undergoing major changes as new patterns of marriage and family formation emerge across the region. For long decades, early marriage was the common pattern in the Arab world. However, it is no longer the only pattern. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Free Arab Culture Essays and Papers Pdf" essay for you Create order The average age of marriage is rising and more Arab women are staying single for a long time and sometimes they dont get married at all. These new marriage trends in the Arab World are part of a world global phenomenon. The changes of marriage trends in the Arab world reflect the social and economic changes taking place in the region. Arab economies moved away from agrarian based systems which supported both early marriage and extended family numbers [Hoda R.and Magued O., 2005]. The majority of the Arab populations live in cities working in industrial or service sectors. Today, Arab women are more educated and more likely to work outside their homes for personal and financial independence. These changes create a new image of woman and change her past traditional role as a mother and household member. The objective of this research is the studying of marriage issue in the Arab world because marriage is one of the key important factors that determine the social and econ omic present and future in the Arab countries. Both problems of early marriage and increase of average age of marriage of marriage are explained. Finally, a recommended solutions and actions are proposed in order to naturalize the two problems for decreasing the negative impacts and creation of better Arab societies. Importance of Marriage in Arab Society Family is the main concern in Arab societies. Family is considered the main social security system for young and elder people in Arab countries. In Arab culture, parents are responsible for children well into those childrens adult lives, and children reciprocate by taking responsibility for the care of their aging parents—responsibilities that Arabs generally take on with great pride. Marriage for Arabs is thus both an individual and a family matter. In Arab societies, marriage is considered the turning point that defines prestige, recognition, and societal approval on both partners, particularly the bride. Marriage in Arab societies is considered the social and economic contract between two families. Marriage is also considered the right form of socially, culturally, and legally acceptable sexual relationship [1]. Early marriage in Arab World Early marriage is any form of marriage that takes place at age of 18 years. Early marriages are often associated with enforcement. Forced marriage is the marriage conducted without full consent of both parties and sometimes with a threat [2].From human rights point of view, early marriage is considered a violation of human rights conventions. In Arab societies- especially developing countries- early marriage, is considered a means of securing young girls future and protecting them. Wars and social problems may leads also to early marriage as in Palestine, where the intifada has led to earlier marriage. Many countries in the world have declared 18 as the minimum legal age of marriage. However, more than millions of young girls are expected to marry in the next decade according to the international statistics. [2]. Early marriage has decreased in many world countries in the last decades. However, it is still common in rural areas and among poor people. Poor parents believe that early marriage will protect their daughters and save their future. Young girls are forced into marriage by their families while they are still children because they think that marriage benefits them and secure their financial and social future. Early marriage violates children rights because it decreases their human development, leaving them socially isolated with little education, skills and opportunities for employment and self-realization. These conditions ultimately make married girls vulnerable to poverty .Early marriage is a health and human rights violation because it takes place within the context of poverty and gender inequality with social, cultural and economic dimensions [3]. Reasons of early marriage in Arab World There different reasons of early marriage in Arab countries, some of these reasons are referred to cultural reasons, others are referred to economic reasons. Some of these reasons are: High poverty rates, birth rates and death rates, greater incidence of conflict and civil wars, lower levels of overall development, including schooling, employment, health care and believes that early marriage is a means of securing young girls future and protecting them [4]. Traditional values surrounding girls virginity and family honour play a major role in Arab families decisions to marry off their daughters at young ages [1]. Effects of early marriage Although the trend of early marriage is decreasing in the Arab world, the number of young girls in Arab countries teenagers who are married is still high. Early marriage is generally associated with early childbearing and high fertility, both of which pose health risks for women and their children [5]. Young mothers are at greater risk than older mothers of dying from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. And the younger a bride is, the more significant the age gap with her husband tends to be—which exacerbates her disadvantage in negotiating with her husband on matters such as her own health care needs [6]. Young wives are required to do a many hard domestic duties, including new roles and responsibilities as wives and mothers. The young brides status in the family is dependent on her demonstrating her fertility within the first year of marriage when she is not physiologically and emotionally prepared [7]. Young wives are forced to be responsible for the care and welfare of their families and future generations while they are still children themselves. They have no decision making powers, restricted mobility and limited economic resources. Early marriage is a direct cause of woman poverty and wide age gaps between younger married girls and their spouses create unequal power relations between the young bride and her older and more experienced husband, resulting in husbands having total control over sexual relations and decision-making [5]. Young wives are often unable to make wise plans for their families and may be forced to select between one of two hard choices: either to tolerate husbands violence or to make crimes (killing them). AIDS epidemic increases in young women due to the combination socioeconomic, cultural and political factors that put young women at greater risk of HIV infection due to the lack of sexual knowledge and limited access to information and resources. Younger women may face unsuccessful marriages and divorce could happen as a result of lack of maturity, incomplete independence, limited time to get prepared for marriage and having kids, dealing with education/career building and family formation at the same time. Relative Marriage in Arab World Marriage between relatives is a significant feature in Arab societies. High rate of marriage between relatives is known as consanguinity. Marriage between relatives is clear in Arab countries such as Libya and Sudan. Sometimes, consanguineous marriage is arranged marriages that reflects the wishes of the marrying relatives. But marriage between close relatives can jeopardize the health of their offspring, as can marriage among families with a history of genetic diseases [1]. New trends in Marriage in Arab world In the last decade, early marriage has declined in many Arab countries such as Kuwait and Emirates. For example , in Emirates, the pace of decline is very significant where the percentage of women ages 15 to 19 who were married dropped from 57 percent in 1975 to 8 percent by 1995 [1]. The general feature of marriage pattern in the for the region as a whole, women are marrying later in late of 20th or 30th and some women are not marrying at all. As shown in table (1), In Tunisia, Algeria, and Lebanon, only 1 percent to 4 percent of women ages 15 to 19 are married, and the percentage of women ages 35 to 39 who have never married in these countries now ranges from 15 percent to 21 percent. The percentage of women ages 35 to 39 who have never married is a good indicator for measuring changes in the universality of marriage, because the likelihood of a single woman marrying after age 40 is quite low [8] Source: Pan-Arab Project for Child Development: Arab Mother and Child Health; Council of Health Ministers of GCC States, Gulf Family Health Surveys; and Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics special tabulations of the 2004 Palestinian Demographic and Health Survey . Palestinians have different marriage pattern where early is the most type that takes place. The main reason is the war and occupation where families wishes to increase the generation for freeing their countries and help them to face hard life in the region. As shown in figure (), most of Palatines marry in the age of 14 to 24 year old [1]. SOURCES: Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, special tabulation, 2004 Palestinian Demographic and Health Survey. The marriage-age gap is particularly pronounced in Arab societies. One-quarter of recent marriages in Egypt and Lebanon had women at least 10 years younger than their husbands [9]. Marriage problem in Egypt The main problem of marriage in Egypt is its high costs especially because of dowry, Shabka, Housing, Furniture and appliances and gihaz. Regardless of the economic situations of marrying couples and their families, the gihaz and other goods purchased to set up the newlyweds home have to be new, not used. The rising cost of marriage is in part attributed to the rising expectations and consumerism that have accompanied the opening of the Egyptian economy, which began in the 1970s. The countrys high cost of housing and furnishings have had a number of unintended consequences for marriage patterns, such as youth entering into urfi (common-law marriages that are unregistered and generally secretive) as well as men marrying women who are older and financially secured [10]. Nonconventional Forms of Marriage The high costs of Arab marriage as well as high unemployment and economic difficulties are blamed for the spread of so-called â€Å"urfi† (or common law) marriages among young urban adults in some countries in the region. Generally hidden from the participants families, urfi marriages are undertaken to avoid the difficulties of a standard marriage and give a sexual relationship some degree of legitimacy. The secrecy surrounding urfi marriages puts young women at a particular disadvantage because these women are not able to negotiate the terms of their marriage a role usually played by families in conventional marriages. There are thousands of urfi marriages cases in Egypt among university students [11]. Traditionally, urfi marriages have been religiously condoned as proper if the couples parents approve of the marriage and there is a public announcement of the ban. Some families in rural villages opt for urfi marriages when the bride is too young to be legally marr ied, deferring the official registration of the marriages to a future date. But the public, the religious establishment, and the legal system have generally perceived urban urfi marriages as a pretext and cover for premarital sex. Another form of unconventional marriage in the Arab World is the mutaa and messyar. Mutaa is a temporary marriage, which is practiced by the Shiites in southern Lebanon and other areas, couples specify in their marriage contract the date upon which the marriage ends. On ther hand, Messyar marriage is common in the Gulf region. In this type of marriage, there is an arrangement that man marries without any of the housing and financial responsibility that a standard Arab marriage generally requires of him. In general, Messyar and Mutaa are practiced mostly by men who are marrying a second wife where they tend to give legitimacy to sexual relationships and reduce the number of never married women in society, they introduce other social complications , such as the upbringing of children from such marriages [1]. Womens rights regarding marriage According to the international human rights conventions, woman has the rights when entering, during and at the end of the marriage. When entering marriage, woman has the same right as a man to enter marriage only with full consent. A woman married under minimum age shouldnt be considered legally married. Marriage must be registered in an official registry. If a woman marries someone with another nationality, she will not have her nationality automatically changed to that of her husband unless she chooses that [12]. During marriage, woman has the same rights and responsibilities as man. She has the right to equal access to health services, the right of protection from violence within the family. She also has the same rights as a man to decide freely about the number and spacing of children and to have access to information, education and means to exercise these rights [12]. Woman has the same rights and responsibilities as her husband towards children regardless of her ma rital status and family benefits. Change in womans husband nationality during marriage doesnt imply that her nationality must be change. If woman is employed she must not be discriminated against on the grounds of marriage and maternity. At the end of marriage, woman has the same rights as man when a marriage ends. Neither woman nationality nor that of her children shall automatically be affected by the ending of a marriage. Woman has the same rights and responsibilities as a man towards her children regardless of her marital status [12]. How to solve the problem? There is an urgent need to for a better understanding of the social and economic environment surrounding Arab marriage. Policies and governmental programs should meet the youth need to marry and make families. Understanding of marriage patterns changes and their social and economic implications need to be addressed. Successful implementation including right decisions and accurate schedules are needed to address and meet the requirements and needs of young people who want to marry or remain single [1]. The recommended solutions for improving marriage situation in Arab World are: Using International pressure specially regarding woman rights stated in human rights conventions on Arab countries to follow the Womens Conventions. Following poverty reduction strategies Making the required reforms of marriage and family laws to meet the human rights standards and monitoring the impacts of these laws on Arab societies. Providing safety employment opportunities for youth specially girls and women affected or at risk of early marriage. Ensuring the right to education and information for girls, including married girls. Providing incentives to encourage families to educate their children. Encouraging activities that change the attitudes and behaviour of community and religious leaders – especially regarding early marriage, girls education and employment. Developing rules that redefine acceptable ages of marriage and offer social and economic supports that allow parents and girls to delay marriage until suitable age. Raising consciousness about child marriage consequences and impacts of increase of average age of marriage as well. Promoting legal, and chosen forms of marriage Supporting married young girls Work cited Hoda R. and Magued, O,, Marriage in the Arab World , Population Reference Bureau, September 2005. Stephen H. , Early Marriage – Child Spouses , Innocenti Digest no. 7, UNICEF , March 2007. UNIFEM, Forced and Early Marriage, URL:https://www.stopvaw.org/Forced_and_Early_Marriage.htmlMinnesota, Advocates for Human Rights, August 2007. Forum on Marriage and the Rights of Women and Girls, Early Marriage and Poverty Exploring links for policy and program development ,2003. UNFPA, The Promise of Inequality: Gender Inequality and Reproductive Health, URL:https://www.unfpa.org/swp/2003/english/ch2/index.htm, 2005. World Health Organization, â€Å"WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents† ,Geneva: WHO, 2003. United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office, A Choice by Right: Working Group on Forced Marriages Child Marriage Fact Sheet, 2000. League of Arab States, Pan-Arab Project for Child Development: Arab Mother and Child Health Surveys , Pan-Arab Project for Family Health; Council of Health Ministers of GCC States, Gulf Family Health Surveys; ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys; and Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics special tabulations of 2004 Palestinian Demographic and Health Survey. Social Research Center at the American University in Cairo using the Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (2003) and the Lebanon Maternal and Child Health Survey (1996). Diane S. and Barbara I., â€Å"The Cost of Marriage in Egypt: A Hidden Variable in the New Arab Demography,† in the New Arab Family, Cairo Papers in Social Science 24 (2001): 80-116; and World Bank, â€Å"Building Institutions for Markets,† World Bank Report 2002 (Washington DC: World Bank, 2002): table 1. Gihan S., â€Å"The Double Bind,† Al Ahram Weekly On-line 397 (Oct. 1-7, 1998). The International Womens Tribune Centre Rights of Women, A Guide to the Most Important United Nations Treaties on Womens Human Rights, New York 1998.

Child Directed Speech Essay - 833 Words

Child Directed Speech What is Child Directed Speech? It is the theory of language development of young children aged between 1 year old and 4 years old. There are three key features in the development of child speech: Phonological:  · Speak slower, clearer pronunciation  · More pauses, especially between phrases and sentences  · Higher pitch  · Exaggerated intonation and stress Lexis:  · Simpler, more restricted vocabulary  · Diminutive forms (e.g. doggie)  · Concrete language, referring to objects in the childs immediate environment Grammar:  · Simpler constructions  · Frequent use of imperatives  · High degree of repetition  ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦pointing to a picture. 2) Query: e.g. ask to identify picture. 3) Label: e.g. tell what object is. 4) Feedback: e.g. Repetition and reinforcement. Repetition and reinforcement: Skinner, B.F (1957), Behaviourist: Suggests that parents should play on the role of: Stimulus Reward. However, its noted that all children pass through the stages of development, regardless of the types of reinforcement given. Also, there is a gap between performance (speaking) and competence (understanding). Finally, consistent application - create original sentences (not imitating - creating). Innateness: Noam Chomsky (1959 + 1965) } } Biological Molecule. Lennenberg } Lennenbergs theory (L.A.D.) - Language Acquisition Device. Linguistic Universals  · Deepstructure  · Surface Structure However, there are criticisms behind this theory: 1) Suggests that language can only be learned by exposure to it - neglects interactive aspects. 2) Bard and Sachs (1977) - Jim - Son of deaf parents, - The parents used very little sign language to communicate with him, instead, exposed him to television and radio, to develop and understand language, however, very little language at all was developed until, he was sent to a speech therapist where a gradual progress of speech was accomplished. 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Part Five Chapter IV Free Essays

IV A misty blue sky stretched like a dome over Pagford and the Fields. Dawn light shone upon the old stone war memorial in the Square, on the cracked concrete faà §ades of Foley Road, and turned the white walls of Hilltop House pale gold. As Ruth Price climbed into her car ready for another long shift at the hospital, she looked down at the River Orr, shining like a silver ribbon in the distance, and felt how completely unjust it was that somebody else would soon have her house and her view. We will write a custom essay sample on Part Five Chapter IV or any similar topic only for you Order Now A mile below, in Church Row, Samantha Mollison was still sound asleep in the spare bedroom. There was no lock on the door, but she had barricaded it with an armchair before collapsing, semi-dressed, onto the bed. The beginnings of a vicious headache disturbed her slumber, and the sliver of sunshine that had penetrated the gap in the curtains fell like a laser beam across the corner of one eye. She twitched a little, in the depths of her dry-mouthed, anxious half-sleep, and her dreams were guilty and strange. Downstairs, among the clean, bright surfaces of the kitchen, Miles sat bolt upright and alone with an untouched mug of tea in front of him, staring at the fridge, and stumbling again, in his mind’s eye, upon his drunken wife locked in the embrace of a sixteen-year-old schoolboy. Howard Mollison was sleeping soundly and happily in his double bed. The patterned curtains dappled him with pink petals and protected him from a rude awakening, but his rattling wheezing snores had roused his wife. Shirley was eating toast and drinking coffee in the kitchen, wearing her glasses and her candlewick dressing gown. She visualized Maureen swaying arm in arm with her husband in the village hall and experienced a concentrated loathing that took the taste from every mouthful. In the Smithy, a few miles outside Pagford, Gavin Hughes soaped himself under a hot shower and wondered why he had never had the courage of other men, and how they managed to make the right choices among almost infinite alternatives. There was a yearning inside him for a life he had glimpsed but never tasted, yet he was afraid. Choice was dangerous: you had to forgo all other possibilities when you chose. Kay Bawden was lying awake and exhausted in bed in Hope Street, listening to the early morning quiet of Pagford and watching Gaia, who was asleep beside her in the double bed, pale and drained in the early daylight. There was a bucket next to Gaia on the floor, placed there by Kay, who had half carried her daughter from bathroom to bedroom in the early hours, after holding her hair out of the toilet for an hour. ‘Why did you make us come here?’ Gaia had wailed, as she choked and retched over the bowl. ‘Get off me. Get off. I fuck – I hate you.’ Kay watched the sleeping face and recalled the beautiful little baby who had slept beside her, sixteen years ago. She remembered the tears that Gaia had shed when Kay had split up with Steve, her live-in partner of eight years. Steve had attended Gaia’s parents’ evenings and taught her to ride a bicycle. Kay remembered the fantasy she had nurtured (with hindsight, as silly as four-year-old Gaia’s wish for a unicorn) that she would settle down with Gavin and give Gaia, at last, a permanent stepfather, and a beautiful house in the country. How desperate she had been for a storybook ending, and a life to which Gaia would always want to return; because her daughter’s departure was hurtling towards Kay like a meteorite, and she foresaw the loss of Gaia as a calamity that would shatter her world. Kay reached out a hand beneath the duvet and held Gaia’s. The feel of the warm flesh that she had accidentally brought into the world made Kay start to weep, quietly, but so violently that the mattress shook. And at the bottom of Church Row, Parminder Jawanda slipped a coat on over her nightdress and took her coffee into the back garden. Sitting in the chilly sunlight on a wooden bench, she saw that it was promising to be a beautiful day, but there seemed to be a blockage between her eyes and her heart. The heavy weight on her chest deadened everything. The news that Miles Mollison had won Barry’s seat on the Parish Council had not been a surprise, but on seeing Shirley’s neat little announcement on the website, she had known another flicker of that madness that had overtaken her at the last meeting: a desire to attack, superseded almost at once by stifling hopelessness. ‘I’m going to resign from the council,’ she told Vikram. ‘What’s the point?’ ‘But you like it,’ he had said. She had liked it when Barry had been there too. It was easy to conjure him up this morning, when everything was quiet and still. A little, ginger-bearded man; she had been taller than him by half a head. She had never felt the slightest physical attraction towards him. What was love, after all? thought Parminder, as a gentle breeze ruffled the tall hedge of leyland cypresses that enclosed the Jawandas’ big back lawn. Was it love when somebody filled a space in your life that yawned inside you, once they had gone? I did love laughing, thought Parminder. I really miss laughing. And it was the memory of laughter that, at last, made the tears flow from her eyes. They trickled down her nose and into her coffee, where they made little bullet holes, swiftly erased. She was crying because she never seemed to laugh any more, and also because the previous evening, while they had been listening to the jubilant distant thump of the disco in the church hall, Vikram had said, ‘Why don’t we visit Amritsar this summer?’ The Golden Temple, the holiest shrine of the religion to which he was indifferent. She had known at once what Vikram was doing. Time lay slack and empty on her hands as never before in her life. Neither of them knew what the GMC would decide to do with her, once it had considered her ethical breach towards Howard Mollison. ‘Mandeep says it’s a big tourist trap,’ she had replied, dismissing Amritsar at a stroke. Sukhvinder had crossed the lawn without Parminder noticing. She was dressed in jeans and a baggy sweatshirt. Parminder hastily wiped her face and squinted at Sukhvinder, who had her back to the sun. ‘I don’t want to go to work today.’ Parminder responded at once, in the same spirit of automatic contradiction that had made her turn down Amritsar. ‘You’ve made a commitment, Sukhvinder.’ ‘I don’t feel well.’ ‘You mean you’re tired. You’re the one who wanted this job. Now you fulfil your obligations.’ ‘But – ‘ ‘You’re going to work,’ snapped Parminder, and she might have been pronouncing sentence. ‘You’re not giving the Mollisons another reason to complain.’ After Sukhvinder walked back to the house Parminder felt guilty. She almost called her daughter back, but instead she made a mental note that she must try and find time to sit down with her and talk to her without arguing. How to cite Part Five Chapter IV, Essay examples

Research in Nursing

Question: Explain Research in Nursing. Answer: Introduction: Nursing research has a great influence professional nursing training and practices. It is an important component in the educational process. Throughout this century, the role of the nurse has gained importance and evolved significantly. The clinical learning in this field has made the nurses more efficient in handling cases, that earlier was not possible. In recent times, nurses have to work in different types of settings; they are required in hospitals, classrooms, community health centers. Nurses are also required in nursing schools, business sector, old age home, home health care. Clinical learning laboratories also require nurses. Each role in this field has a different responsibility. The primary role of the nurse remains the same, to care for patients, be there for them. A professional nurse is a clients advocate. The research concerning nursing has a primary goal for the betterment of the life of fellow human beings. The knowledge that is gained by research is printed into tex tbooks, taught in classrooms and web based instruction module. This knowledge is the basis for the progress in the field of nursing. Research helps in progressing the present nursing technology and knowhow. Research helps in evidence based learning for the nurses. Research is not normally the traditional method of teaching for nurses. Normally nurses have a traditional responsibility of either in direct care of patients or they are involved in administrative aspect of patient health care. However, in these times of technological advancement the research in the field of nursing is increasing in popularity. Nursing research is a field that is growing, it is a field where individuals within the profession can contribute a variety of skills and technique, and it can also help professionals in this field bring in experience to the field of nursing. This accumulated knowledge can be improved and tailored to suit the need of the patients (Chan et al., 2016). Research in nursing is important and vital to the practices of the new age professional nursing. The benefits and the outcomes of the researches include, opportunity that was given to the students to acquire new knowledge, it helped the students to gain knowledge in biology, biochemistry, genetics and so on. It is a new belief that researches is valuable aspect and beneficial in the learning that help the nurses and other health professionals to refine the techniques of providing care to the patients. This knowledge can also help students in other settings. Research helps in defining long term and short-term goals to develop appropriate intervention for children or adults who are susceptible to or at a risk of diseases due to various factors like tobacco, fast foods and other factors that is ailing the society in recent times. Practice with research and evidence based technique helps in serving the patients better. Nursing research opens endless possibility to the students of this fi eld; it is an emerging and rowing field where new discoveries can be implemented easily into the field trial. Through research, the roles and responsibilities of the staff in a team can be defined easily. Research provides a better understanding of the importance of scientific evidence; these evidences help to support the clinical practices. Research in Nursing: The research conducted by Martha S. Tingen and colleagues titled The Importance of Nursing Research is a qualitative research. A qualitative research is primarily explanatory research that is done to gain an understanding of the reasons, opinions and other aspects likes motivations that is driving the research. It provides the insights into the problem. The researches help in developing ideas and hypotheses for research purposes. Qualitative research helps in uncovering new thoughts and opinions about the topic and helps in diving deeper into the problem. The data collected may vary when using different techniques. Qualitative research includes focus groups, individual interviews, and participations from other people. The size of the participants is normally small. The respondents of the participation are given criteria to fulfill (Chan et al., 2016). In a quantitative research a problem is solved quantitatively, that is by way of generating numerical data or value that can be used as a usable statistics. It quantifies the variable of the research like attitudes, opinions and other factors. They produce a generalized results selected from a larger sample size from the population. In a quantitative research, the data are used to formulate facts and patterns in research. The data collection methods in quantitative research is far more structured than the qualitative research. Quantitative research data collection methods uses surveys , these surveys can be conducted as a online survey, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, online polls and others (Reynolds et al., 2016). The quantitative research was of experimental nature. The purpose of this was to describe the students experience of becoming aware and acquiring knowledge in a federally funded research study from the National Institute of Nursing Research. This research gave an opportunity to the students to get involved in a federally funded research with a primary aim that was designated to find out the effects of gene-environment interaction on risk factors of pre-clinical cardiovascular disease. The number of adults was taken to be 585 young adults with a family history of cardiac diseases (Reynolds et al., 2016) . The study was done in controlled environment where the subjects of the study were tested for some stress factors that contribute to the onset of diseases. This study was performed under the watch of physicians, nurses and other members of the research team. The ethnicity and the gender of the patients were also taken under consideration. The study subjects were tested for cardio-vascular dependent measures like diastolic blood pressure, endothelial- dependent arterial vasodilatation, left ventricular mass index for body size, systolic blood pressure, and peripheral resistance. Steps of the study: The steps of the study was evenly defined it consisted of task divided between the biostatistician, cardiologist, nurse, research team and the psychologist. The co investigators of the team like the genetic laboratory personnel. The first six weeks were orientation for the researchers and others associated with the study. After conclusion of the orientation the team had a meeting and all members were introduced to the team. After which the team reviewed the grant application. Reviewing of the grant helps to understand the specific aims and objectives of the study. The intended procedure and process of the laboratory work can be understood by analyzing the grant application. If the proposal is complex then the principal researchers need to further explain the study aim with further clarity. This concluded the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative or CITI. After touring the facility the study was commenced. Next was the Roche educational program, which was focused on the gene tically important aspects of the study. The CITI program task was tedious and time consuming. At the end of the introduction program the students understood the policies and procedures, these help in maintaining the security of the study sunjects and also the confidentiality of the human subjects. The Roche genetics program hoped to gain a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanism of the study. After two months the work commenced. Nursing researchers got hands on training in using library sources for getting information and then processing them to apply in a laboratory format (Tingen et al., 2009). According to the research report: Problem- the students were not familiar with the use of new technology. The topic of research was new and the study was sophisticated. The students were exposed to new techniques like polymerase chain reaction, DNA extraction, primer design, gel condition, measurement and estimation of the reagents and other general laboratory technique. Purpose- The study was to make new study that identified the importance of nursing research. It also focused on the training of the clinical students. This study broadened their horizons regarding the future of the nursing research, professional growth and increased the opportunity for further experiments, qualitative, quantitative researches in the field on nursing (Nursing Research, 2013).. Framework- the framework was established in the grant application by the principal scientist and the other senior members of the research. Outcome of the research-the results that were obtained were qualitative where further research was needed for validating the claims of the team. The research in the field of health care always do not yield a composite result but they have to undergo field trial to gain substantial data, these data have to be further analyzed and compared with other research for validation (Nursing Research, 2013). Conclusion Research in the field of nursing is used to provide evidence based care that improves the quality of the health for the individuals under the care of nurses. The researchers can also help the family, communities and the entire health care system. Nurses utilize this kind of research to propose and shape a good, efficient health policy. They also advice the local government and policy makers to introduce any change regarding the existing rules and regulation of the nursing part of the health care. These influence direct care of the patient, it also affects the health care system of an organization. It influences in the local and federal level of management in health care. Every research agenda in the field of the nursing brings a change in the existing policy of nursing. References: Chan, R., Geary, A., Yates, P., Nasato, G. (2016). Building capacity for cancer nursing research and evidence based practice: The cancer nursing professorial precinct initiative.Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. Clark, A. M., Neubeck, L., Strachan, P. H., Currie, K., Angus, J. E. (2016). The Contributions of Qualitative Research to Cardiac Conditions. InHandbook of Qualitative Health Research for Evidence-Based Practice(pp. 107-121). Springer New York. King-Shier, K. M., Singh, S., Khan, N. A., LeBlanc, P., Lowe, J. C., Mather, C. 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